Shenzhen is one of the prefecture-level cities under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province, with a separate plan and a special economic zone in China, referred to as Shenzhen, also known as Pengcheng. Located in the south of Guangdong Province and on the east bank of the Pearl River Estuary, Shenzhen is the core city of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, a national innovation center, a national financial center, and a port city with the largest number of ports and the largest number of inbound and outbound personnel in China. Shenzhen is bordered by Huizhou to the east, Hong Kong to the south, Dongguan to the north, and Zhuhai and Zhongshan to the west across the Pearl River. Shenzhen occupies an important position in China's high-tech industry, financial services, foreign trade and export, marine transportation, creative culture and many other fields. Shenzhen has jurisdiction over 9 districts, with a jurisdiction area of 1,997 square kilometers, a permanent population of 13.44 million and a household registration population of 4.95 million, making it one of the cities with the highest density of Chinese population.
1. Shenzhen's economic development is fast and its achievements are remarkable
Shenzhen is a model of China's economic reform and a symbol of China's economic success, which has roughly gone through three stages:
The first phase was the start-up phase (1980-1992). After the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, through infrastructure construction and the development of export-oriented economy, the economy showed rapid growth, during this period Shenzhen's average GDP growth rate reached 37.4%, far higher than the national average of 9.5% and the provincial average of 14% in the same period.
The second phase was the deepening phase (1993-2012). According to Deng Xiaoping's speech on his southern tour, Shenzhen established a market economic system, optimized its industrial structure, selected the development of high-tech industries as an economic breakthrough, and later established four pillar industries of high-tech, finance, logistics and culture. During this period, Shenzhen's economy grew rapidly, with an average annual GDP growth rate of 16.8%, higher than the national average of 10.2% and the provincial average of 13.0% in the same period.
The third stage is the innovation phase (2012-present). Since the 18th National Congress is the stage of innovation and development of Shenzhen, Shenzhen has adhered to the direction of transformation and upgrading, innovation-driven development, promoted quality growth and sustainable development, built an innovative city, adhered to advanced manufacturing and modern service industries to drive economic development, and Shenzhen ranked third in the ranking of China's urban economic scale.
In just 40 years, Shenzhen's gross domestic product (GDP) has increased from RMB196 million in 1979 to RMB2.77 trillion in 2020, ranking third among mainland cities, and the gross industrial output value has increased from RMB61 million in 1979 to RMB3.65 trillion in 2020, ranking first among mainland cities. Far higher than the average growth level of the whole country and the province, Shenzhen has developed into an international city in a short period of time.
2. The proportion of strategic emerging industries is high
Shenzhen is a large industrial city, and its industrial output value ranks first or second among Chinese cities all year round (similar to Shanghai), and the operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size in 2019 was 3.58 trillion yuan. The added value of strategic emerging industries is about 1,015.6 billion yuan, accounting for 37.7% of GDP, of which the added value of the new generation of information technology industry is 508.6 billion yuan, accounting for about half of emerging industries, and is the main economic force; The added value of digital economy, high-end equipment manufacturing and green and low-carbon is 159.7 billion yuan, 114.5 billion yuan and 108.5 billion yuan respectively, which is the second major industry in Shenzhen; The added value of marine economic industry, new material industry and biomedical industry is between 30 billion and 50 billion yuan, which is the third industry in Shenzhen.
In 2020, the added value of Shenzhen's strategic emerging industries will be 1,027.3 billion yuan, accounting for 37.1% of the regional GDP. Among them, the added value of the new generation information technology industry was 489.3 billion yuan, a slight decrease from 2019, but it is still the absolute leader of Shenzhen's economy, with high-end equipment manufacturing industry of 138.1 billion yuan, marine economic industry of 42.8 billion yuan, and biomedical industry of 40.8 billion yuan. The added value of advanced manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing is the main body of the industrial economy, accounting for 72.5% and 66.1% of the industries above designated size, of which the growth rate of medical instruments and equipment, 3D printing equipment, civil drones and other industries exceeds 100%, and chemical raw drugs, metal cutting machine tools, and industrial robots increase by more than 45%.
Yuehai Street, known as the first street in Unai, where Shenzhen Virtual University Park is located, gathers many scientific research machinery, including more than 60 well-known universities at home and abroad (including Tsinghua University, Peking University, University of Hong Kong, CUHK, Georgia Institute of Technology, etc.), the academician activity base of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, with 227 research and development institutions (including 74 approved key laboratories and engineering laboratories above the municipal level). These universities and scientific research institutions have provided the driving force behind Shenzhen's economy. Guangdong has given birth to Huawei, ZTE, Tencent, Han's Laser, Mindray, Dash, Kingdee, Huaqiang Culture and other companies, Apple, Qualcomm, ARM, Microsoft well-known foreign companies have also set up offices or R&D centers here. Guangdong has become the most surging region in China's science and technology, generating 250 billion yuan of GDP in 2019, accounting for 11% of Shenzhen, which is the epitome of Shenzhen's economy.
3. Shenzhen has strong financial strength
Shenzhen is one of China's financial centers, the First Stock Exchange is located in Shenzhen, and financial institutions such as Ping An and China Merchants Bank have also developed from Shenzhen. The financial industry is the main industry of Shenzhen, and its contribution to Shenzhen's economy is second only to the information technology industry. In 2019, the added value of the financial industry was 366.8 billion yuan, and it is the leader of the service industry. At the end of 2019, the balance of domestic and foreign currency deposits of financial institutions in the city was 8,394.2 billion yuan, an increase of 15.7% over the end of the previous year; The balance of domestic and foreign currency loans of financial institutions was 5,946.1 billion yuan, an increase of 13.2%.
4. Shenzhen's foreign trade is developed, and its exports have reached 28 consecutive crowns
5. The modern service industry is growing steadily
